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Glossary · Security

P12

PKCS #12

In plain language

A single file that holds a certificate together with its private key, locked with a password.

The metaphor

Like a locked pouch holding both an ID card and the key that proves it is yours.

Going deeper

How it works

  • It usually ends in .p12 or .pfx.
  • It is used to move a certificate from one computer to another.
  • The password protects the key inside.
  • Anyone with the file and password can pose as you.

What can go wrong (example scenario)

A staff member emailed a certificate file and its password in the same message. Anyone who saw the email could sign in as them.

In practice
  • An IT team installs a certificate on a new laptop from one.
  • A web host asks for one to install a site certificate.
  • A technician exports one for a backup.

A question owners ask

How should I share one?

Send the file and the password by different routes, and delete the copies afterward.

Related terms
AAAAuthentication, Authorization, and AccountingAccount takeoverACLAccess Control ListAdmin accountAESAdvanced Encryption StandardAES-256Advanced Encryption Standards 256-bitAISAutomated Indicator SharingAPTAdvanced Persistent Threat

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