A published policy that tells other mail servers to only deliver to your domain over an encrypted connection.
Like telling the courier your parcels only travel in a locked van, and to turn back if one isn't available.
Domain Security hosts and maintains the policy for you and keeps it in step with your mail servers.
Do I need this if I already have SPF, DKIM and DMARC? Those prove who sent a message. MTA-STS protects the message on its way to you. They work together.
Every WILDCARD card exists to solve one named problem. Find yours.